Monday, September 12, 2011

What Distinguishes Medical Judgment from Fraud?

Many qui tam cases involve decisions by physicians—a decision to certify a patient as eligible for hospice, a decision to order services that are allegedly medically unnecessary, a decision to code a procedure a certain way. In all of these circumstances, defendants will argue that allegations that such conduct is fraudulent are not actionable because differences in scientific opinion, methodology, and judgments cannot support claims under the False Claims Act.

Recently, the U.S. Attorney’s office debunked such arguments in a Statement of Interest filed in U.S. ex rel. Wall v. Vista Hospice Care, Inc., Case No. 3-07-cv-0604 (N.D. Tex.). In the Statement of Interest, the Government argued that where a physician acts with deliberate indifference or reckless disregard of objective facts, a fraud claim can lie. Specifically, in the hospice context, if a physician certifies a patient for hospice care without sufficient information to make the certification or with deliberate indifference or reckless disregard for whether the patient actually meets the objective criteria for such certification, the certification and claims for payment of that patient’s hospice care are false. As the Government noted:

Hospice care provided to a patient who does not meet objective medical criteria for terminal illness can be false or fraudulent under the FCA. A defendant cannot defeat FCA allegations simply due to the existence of a physician certification of terminal illness when there is evidence that the provider knew or should have known such a patient was not terminally ill.

This reasoning has equal force in the other circumstances described above:  where there are allegations that a physician ordered unnecessary procedures or services, or deliberately upcoded procedures, so long as there is a good faith allegation that the physician knowingly acted in direct contradiction to objective facts, an FCA claim should lie. The key is to be able to show that the physician’s conduct is not being challenged as erroneous, but as fraudulent.


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Loren Jacobson is a partner at Waters & Kraus, LLP, in the firm’s Dallas office. Her practice focuses on qui tam (whistleblower) cases and appellate matters.

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